ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Background: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination and factors associated with vaccine unresponsiveness in healthy children. Methods: A total of 141 healthy children aged between two and five years were included in the study. All of the cases had received 20 μg of recombinant DNA vaccine for hepatitis B (0, 1 and 6 months). Demographic features and factors such as duration of breastfeeding, exposure to HBsAg-positive family members, administration of concomitant vaccines and exposure to smoke were determined. Hepatitis B vaccination serological markers were evaluated. Post-vaccination serologic evaluation was performed one month after the last dose of primary vaccination, one month after the booster dose. Human leukocyte antigens typing was performed in non-responders. Results: Only 87.9% of the children achieved seroprotection antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBsAG titers ≥ 10 mIU/ml) one month after primary vaccination. No difference was observed between vaccine responsiveness and age, gender, birthweight, maturity, duration of breastfeeding, exposure to HBsAg-positive family members, and mid-upper arm circumference (p > 0.05). HLA types, DRB 111 (64.7%), B5 (52.9%), DRB 104 (52.9%) and DRB 11001 (47%) were detected at increased frequency in non-responders. The antibody titers were significantly higher in children who breastfed for the first six months and longer and who were vaccinated concomitantly with other common vaccines. Conclusion: The seroprotection antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen correlated with breast feeding and hepatitis B vaccination concomitant with other common vaccines. HLA types DRB 111, B5, DRB 104 and DRB 11001 had increased frequency in non-responders.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage , Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology , Hepatitis B/prevention & control , Hepatitis B Antibodies/immunology , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/immunologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate paediatric patients with protein losing enteropathy (PLE). METHODS: Fourteen cases diagnosed as PLE were evaluated in terms of aetiologies, diagnostic methods, laboratory findings, treatment procedures and longterm prognosis. RESULTS: Four of the cases had coeliac disease, three intestinal lymphangiectasia, three giardia infection, one H pylori infection and three cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Histopathological examinations of duodenum specimens revealed total villous atrophy in four cases, lymphatic dilatation in three cases, severe nodular appearance in four cases and no pathology in four cases. All of the cases except patients with intestinal lymphangiectasia were controlled by the appropriate treatment given for the underlying disease. The cases with CMV infection were treated with only supportive treatment and gancyclovir therapy was not needed. CONCLUSION: When proteinuria is not detected in wellappearing children admitted with oedema, PLE must be considered.
OBJETIVO: El objetivo del estudio es evaluar a pacientes con enteropatía perdedora de proteínas (EPP). MÉTODOS: Catorce casos diagnosticados con EPP fueron evaluados en términos de etiologías, métodos de diagnóstico, resultados de laboratorio, procedimientos de tratamiento, y prognósis a largo plazo. RESULTADOS: Cuatro de los casos tenían enfermedad celíaca, tres padecían de linfangiectasia intestinal, tres sufrían de infección por giardias, uno tenía infección por H pylori, y tres presentaba infección por citomegalovirus (CMV). Los exámenes histopatológicos de especímenes duodenales revelaron atrofia de las vellosidades intestinales en cuatro de los casos, dilatación linfática en tres casos, apariencia nodular severa en cuatro casos, y ausencia de patología en cuatro casos. Todos los casos - excepto los pacientes con linfangiectasia intestinal - fueron controlados mediante el tratamiento adecuado para la enfermedad subyacente. Los casos con infección por CMV fueron tratados con tratamiento de apoyo, y no se necesitó terapia con ganciclovir. CONCLUSIÓN: Cuando no se detecta proteinuria en niños con buena apariencia ingresados con edema, hay que considerar principalmente la posibilidad de EPP.